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          <span data-v-25ba6db2>2018 - </span>
          2022
        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-130b300a><main class="page"><section><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">laravel项目配置</h1> <div data-v-f875f3fc><!----> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-f875f3fc><span data-v-f875f3fc>2022/5/25</span></i> <!----> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-f875f3fc><span class="tag-item" data-v-f875f3fc>php</span><span class="tag-item" data-v-f875f3fc>laravel</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><div id="boxx" data-v-f4ca0dac><div data-v-f4ca0dac><p v-if="true" class="custom-block-title" data-v-f4ca0dac></p> <p v-if="true" data-v-f4ca0dac></p></div></div> <p>配置版本为<code>Laravel Framework 9.12.2</code>, 其他版本参考类似</p> <h2 id="伪静态"><a href="#伪静态" class="header-anchor">#</a> 伪静态</h2> <p>在laravel开发中, 可以用伪静态来隐藏index.php</p> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code>location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    try_files <span class="token variable">$uri</span> <span class="token variable">$uri</span>/ /index.php?<span class="token variable">$query_string</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="laravel加载多环境配置"><a href="#laravel加载多环境配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> laravel加载多环境配置</h2> <h3 id="bootstrap-app-php文件调整"><a href="#bootstrap-app-php文件调整" class="header-anchor">#</a> <code>bootstrap\app.php</code>文件调整</h3> <p>在<code>return $app;</code>之前添加：</p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token comment">//.env所在目录 string(6) &quot;F:\mpr&quot;</span>
<span class="token variable">$environmentPath</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$app</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">environmentPath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//获取.env文件内容 dev</span>
<span class="token variable">$setEnv</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">trim</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">file_get_contents</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$environmentPath</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'/.env'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">file_exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$environmentPath</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'/.env.'</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token variable">$setEnv</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token variable">$app</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">loadEnvironmentFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'.env.'</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token variable">$setEnv</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'无效环境'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><img src="/share/php/06.png" alt="foo"> <h3 id="环境配置"><a href="#环境配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 环境配置</h3> <p>之后分别创建自己想要添加的环境，dev(开发环境)、production(生产环境)，分别创建<code>.env.dev</code>和<code>.env.production</code>文件，文件里面自由配置;</p> <p>把<code>.env</code>文件清空，里面写入<code>local</code>，<code>testing</code>，<code>production</code>等，则可以切换对应的环境。</p> <img src="/share/php/05.png" alt="foo"> <h3 id="可能会遇到的问题"><a href="#可能会遇到的问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 可能会遇到的问题</h3> <p>使用了<code>php artisan config:cache</code>之后，使用 <code>env</code> 函数读取环境变量的值为 <code>null</code>，执行 <code>php artisan config:clear</code> 也没有起作用;</p> <p>如果执行 <code>php aritisan config:cache</code> 命令，Laravel 将会把 <code>app/config</code> 目录下的所有配置文件 “编译” 整合成一个缓存配置文件到 <code>bootstrap/cache/config.php</code>
，每个配置文件都可以通过 <code>env</code> 函数读取环境变量，这里是可以读取的。但是一旦有了这个缓存配置文件，在其他地方使用 env 函数是读取不到环境变量的，所以返回 <code>null</code>;</p> <p>我的解决方法：测试环境上直接删掉<code>bootstrap/cache/config.php</code>。正式环境，建议您在配置文件中添加适当的配置值，并从该位置调用<code>env</code>，从而允许您将<code>env</code>调用转换为配置调用。</p> <h2 id="laravel忽略文件-gitignore"><a href="#laravel忽略文件-gitignore" class="header-anchor">#</a> Laravel忽略文件<code>.gitignore</code></h2> <div class="language-gitignore line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-gitignore"><code><span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>node_modules</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>public<span class="token punctuation">/</span>hot</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>public<span class="token punctuation">/</span>nginx.htaccess</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>public<span class="token punctuation">/</span>storage</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>storage<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">*</span>.key</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>vendor</span>
<span class="token entry string">.env</span>
<span class="token entry string">.env.local</span>
<span class="token entry string">.env.backup</span>
<span class="token entry string">.phpunit.result.cache</span>
<span class="token entry string">Homestead.json</span>
<span class="token entry string">Homestead.yaml</span>
<span class="token entry string">npm-debug.log</span>
<span class="token entry string">yarn-error.log</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>.idea</span>
<span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>.vscode</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="laravel接收到的参数空字符串变成了null"><a href="#laravel接收到的参数空字符串变成了null" class="header-anchor">#</a> laravel接收到的参数空字符串变成了null</h2> <p><code>app/Http/Kernel.php</code>下</p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token class-name class-name-fully-qualified static-context"><span class="token punctuation">\</span>Illuminate<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Foundation<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Http<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Middleware<span class="token punctuation">\</span>ConvertEmptyStringsToNull</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>注释掉就可以解决</p> <img src="/share/php/07.png" alt="foo"> <h2 id="laravel限流器"><a href="#laravel限流器" class="header-anchor">#</a> laravel限流器</h2> <div class="custom-block danger"><p class="title">提示 限流器设置有问题, API会出现`Too Many Attempts.`报错</p></div><div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token comment">/**
 * 为应用程序配置速率限制器
 * 遗留问题, $request-&gt;user()?-&gt;id取不到用户id, 需要根据自己的登录策略进行优化改进
 * @return void
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function-definition function">configureRateLimiting</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 表示只有中间件为`api`的, 走限流器</span>
    <span class="token class-name static-context">RateLimiter</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token function">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'api'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name type-declaration">Request</span> <span class="token variable">$request</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment"># 现在一般都是前端代理, 直接很难获取到真实的客户端ip,暂时限制为每分钟可以请求60次</span>
        <span class="token variable">$ip</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">??</span> <span class="token variable">$request</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">ip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// return Limit::perMinute(60)-&gt;by($request-&gt;user()?-&gt;id ?: $request-&gt;ip());</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name static-context">Limit</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token function">perMinute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">120</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">by</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$request</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token property">user</span><span class="token operator">?-&gt;</span><span class="token property">id</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token variable">$ip</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><div class="custom-block danger"><p class="title">注意2点,这两点确认之后,才能配置</p><ol><li>$request-&gt;ip() 能获取到真实的客户端ip, 现在很多做反向代理之后, 不一定能获取到真实ip, 可能需要服务器配置;</li> <li>$request-&gt;user()?-&gt;id能够获取到用户id, 使用的时候需要测试下这个地方;</li></ol></div><img src="/share/php/08.png" alt="foo"> <h2 id="路由404或路由请求类型异常封装"><a href="#路由404或路由请求类型异常封装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 路由404或路由请求类型异常封装</h2> <div class="custom-block tip"><p class="title">提示 json形式返回, 路由404的情况和路由类型不对的情况</p></div><p>文件位置: <code>app/Exceptions/Handler.php</code></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token comment">/**
 * 重写异常,新增这个方法
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function-definition function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$request</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name type-declaration">Throwable</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 
<span class="token class-name class-name-fully-qualified"><span class="token punctuation">\</span>Illuminate<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Http<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Response</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token class-name class-name-fully-qualified"><span class="token punctuation">\</span>Illuminate<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Http<span class="token punctuation">\</span>JsonResponse</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token class-name class-name-fully-qualified"><span class="token punctuation">\</span>Symfony<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Component<span class="token punctuation">\</span>HttpFoundation<span class="token punctuation">\</span>Response</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">is_a</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name static-context">NotFoundHttpException</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">response</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'code'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token number">404</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'message'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">&quot;当前请求的路由不存在&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'data'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">''</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">elseif</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">is_a</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token class-name static-context">MethodNotAllowedHttpException</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">response</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-&gt;</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'code'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token number">405</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'message'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">&quot;当前请求的类型不允许&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string single-quoted-string">'data'</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">''</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword static-context">parent</span><span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$request</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><img src="/share/php/09.png" alt="foo"> <h2 id="post提交失败返419-page-expired"><a href="#post提交失败返419-page-expired" class="header-anchor">#</a> POST提交失败返419|Page Expired</h2> <blockquote><p>在这出现 <font style="color:red;">419</font> 页面超时, 是因为Laravel 为了防止csrf攻击, 自动为用户进行添加的的token中间件.</p></blockquote> <img src="/share/php/10.png" alt="foo"> <div class="custom-block danger"><p class="title">Api解决方案 关闭VerifyCsrfToken的web中间件, 在 <font style="color:red;">app/Http/Kernel.php</font> 文件下,</p><p>按下图关闭<font style="color:red;">csrf(跨站请求伪造)</font>。</p></div><img src="/share/php/11.png" alt="foo"></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated: </span> <span class="time">2022/6/17 14:04:38</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/share/docs/php/composer.html" class="prev">
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